Sandstone Petrography, Petrology, and Modeling
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Sandstone Petrography, Petrology, and Modeling
Thomas R. Taylor, Robert H. Lander, and Linda M. Bonnell
This volume provides both an updated foundation in modern sandstone petrology and a practical guide for the petrographic analysis of sandstones.
Sandstones typically undergo enormous changes in their mechanical and fluid-flow properties from deposition through burial to the present day. Quantitative, rigorously collected petrographic data provide the best available basis for understanding the controls on these properties, which are of fundamental importance in engineering and the geosciences. For instance, sandstone reservoir characteristics are essential controls on fluid production (e.g., geothermal energy and hydrocarbons) and injection (e.g., greenhouse gases and contaminants). The spatial and temporal variations in sandstone properties are central concerns in fields such as paleohydrology, structural deformation, geomechanics, and seismology.
Methods for three types of petrographic analyses are documented in this volume: (1) modal (volume abundances of pore types and solid components), (2) grain size distribution, and (3) grain coating (an important control on quartz cement growth). Common detrital components, authigenic materials, and porosity types are reviewed and the principles of paragenetic analysis are described and illustrated. Factors affecting sandstone compaction, cementation, and replacement are considered and mechanisms for porosity reduction, preservation, and enhancement are reviewed. The volume concludes with an overview of diagenesis and rock property modeling approaches that includes a case study involving a pre-drill reservoir quality prediction.
PDF ebook file size: 993 mb
Title information
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Forward
- Petrography, Petrology, and Petrophysics
- Some Definitions
- Petrographic Methods and Samples
- Laboratory Petrophysical Analyses
- Detrital Components of Sandstones
- Common Mineral Grains in Sandstones
- Lithic Grains in Sandstones
- Non-Rock-Derived Grains
- Matrix
- Authigenic Materials in Sandstones
- Authigenic Quartz
- Authigenic Feldspar
- Authigenic Carbonate
- Authigenic Clay Minerals
- Other Authigenic Minerals
- Porosity Types in Sandstones
- Commonly Used Terms for Porosity in Sandstones
- Intergranular Porosity
- Intragranular Porosity
- Fracture Porosity
- Moldic Porosity
- Oversized Pores
- Microporosity
- Paragenesis of Sandstones
- Quantitative Textural Analysis
- Grain-Size Distribution
- Standard Technique for Petrographic Measurement of Grain Size in Thin Section
- Analysis of GSD Data
- Grain Shape
- Quantitative Modal Analysis of Sandstone
- Methods—Modal Analysis
- Quantitative Grain Coat Analysis
- Grain Coat Coverage Analysis
- Compaction of Sandstones
- Overview
- Depositional Porosity and IGV
- Compaction Processes
- Mechanical Compaction
- Chemical Compaction
- Compaction of Natural Sands
- Origin of Cements and Replacements
- Quartz Cements
- Feldspar Cements
- Carbonate Cements
- Authigenic Clay Minerals
- Zeolite Cements
- Minor Mineral Cements
- Porosity Preservation and Enhancement
- Introduction
- Porosity Preservation
- Overpressures and Sandstone Porosity
- Grain Coatings and Reservoir Quality Preservation
- Porosity Enhancement
- Modeling Sandstone Diagenesis and Rock Properties
- Introduction
- Reactive Transport Models
- Digital Sedimentary Petrology Models
- Process-Oriented Diagenesis and Reservoir Quality Models
- Making a Pre-Drill Prediction: Example and Workflow
- Summary
- References